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What was Antoine Lavoisier's contribution to the law of conservation of mass? These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. It does not store any personal data. 10 Major Contributions of Antoine Lavoisier | Learnodo Newtonic He was executed with his father-in-law and 26 other General Farm members. Merchant Marine Academy, Kings Point, New York. Gillespie, Charles C. (1996), Foreword to, See Denis I. Duveen and Herbert S. Klickstein, ", Last edited on 18 February 2023, at 18:19, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Portrait of Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier and his Wife, portrait of Antoine and Marie-Anne Lavoisier, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Acadmie des sciences de L'institut de France. He claimed he had not operated on this commission for many years, having instead devoted himself to science. antoine lavoisier contribution to nutrition - industrialbeta.pe [23]:15, Lavoisier also chaired the commission set up to establish a uniform system of weights and measures[25][26] which in March 1791 recommended the adoption of the metric system. The interpretation of water as compound also explained the inflammable air (hydrogen) generated from dissolving metals in acids and the reduction of oxides by the inflammable air. Despite opposition, Lavoisier continued to use precise instrumentation to convince other chemists of his conclusions, often results to five to eight decimal places. A brief history of the periodic table - American Society For document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); "Every day is Earth Day when you work in agriculture.". The earliest attempt to classify the elements was in 1789, when Antoine Lavoisier grouped the elements based on their properties into gases, non-metals, metals and earths. It also contributed to the beginnings of atomic theory.He was the first scientist to recognise and name the elements hydrogen and oxygen. [citation needed]. Lavoisier believed that matter was neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions, and in his experiments he sought to demonstrate that this belief was not violated. This was the project that interested Lavoisier in the chemistry of water and public sanitation duties. [19] To allow for this addition, the Farmers General delivered to retailers seventeen ounces of tobacco while only charging for sixteen. Antoine Lavoisier gave oxygen its name, from the Greek words for "acid-former." But that wasn't his only contribution to scientific understanding of what it does. Where was Antoine Lavoisier born and raised? The new system of uniform weights and measures was adopted by the Convention on 1 August 1793. A History of Nutrition - Nutrition Breakthroughs Lavoisier developed a new apparatus which used a pneumatic trough, a set of balances, a thermometer, and a barometer, all calibrated carefully. When he informed Lavoisier of his discovery, Lavoisier repeated the experiment with mercury and other metal oxides. The classical elements of earth, air, fire, and water were discarded, and instead some 33 substances which could not be decomposed into simpler substances by any known chemical means were provisionally listed as elements. Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) was one of the most eminent scientists of the late 18th century. Thirty savants were invited to witness the decomposition and synthesis of water using this apparatus, convincing many who attended of the correctness of Lavoisier's theories. The pair used a calorimeter to measure the amount of heat given off by a guinea pig in a measured interval of time. 205209; cf. This work, titled Mthode de nomenclature chimique (Method of Chemical Nomenclature, 1787), introduced a new system which was tied inextricably to Lavoisier's new oxygen theory of chemistry.[40]. Antoine Lavoisier determined that oxygen was a key substance in combustion, and he gave the element its name. This text clarified the concept of an element as a substance that could not be broken down by any known method of chemical analysis and presented Lavoisier's theory of the formation of chemical compounds from elements. Trait lmentaire de chimie, prsent dans un ordre nouveau et d'aprs les dcouvertes modernes, Mmoire contenant les expriences faites sur la chaleur, pendant l'hiver de 1783 1784, par P.S. [43] Opposition responded to this further experimentation by stating that Lavoisier continued to draw the incorrect conclusions and that his experiment demonstrated the displacement of phlogiston from iron by the combination of water with the metal. In 1775 he was made one of four commissioners of gunpowder appointed to replace a private company, similar to the Ferme Gnrale, which had proved unsatisfactory in supplying France with its munitions requirements. This continuous slow combustion, which they supposed took place in the lungs, enabled the living animal to maintain its body temperature above that of its surroundings, thus accounting for the puzzling phenomenon of animal heat. He reported that when Phosphorus and Sulphur are burned, they gained weight by combining with air and that the products were acidic. [52], During his lifetime, Lavoisier was awarded a gold medal by the King of France for his work on urban street lighting (1766), and was appointed to the French Academy of Sciences (1768). He carefully weighed the reactants and products of a chemical reaction in a sealed glass vessel so that no gases could escape, which was a crucial step in the advancement of chemistry. He demonstrated that animals can live in pure oxygen or vital air provided that carbonic acid (or fixed air, now carbon dioxide) is removed and that they do not need the presence of nitrogen in the air in order to live (Older 2007). Lavoisier employed the new nomenclature in his Trait lmentaire de chimie (Elementary Treatise on Chemistry), published in 1789. [28], On 24 November 1793, the arrest of all the former tax farmers was ordered. The dissemination of the experiment, however, proved subpar, as it lacked the details to properly display the amount of precision taken in the measurements. [8] Lavoisier began his schooling at the Collge des Quatre-Nations, University of Paris (also known as the Collge Mazarin) in Paris in 1754 at the age of 11. The work of Lavoisier raised the level of chemistry leading to it becoming as important as physics and mathematics. However, he devoted much of his time to lectures on physics and chemistry and to working with leading scientists. Lavoisier devised a method of checking whether ash had been mixed in with tobacco: "When a spirit of vitriol, aqua fortis or some other acid solution is poured on ash, there is an immediate very intense effervescent reaction, accompanied by an easily detected noise." His success in the many elaborate experiments he conducted was in large part due to his independent wealth, which enabled him to have expensive apparatus built to his design, and to his ability to recruit and direct talented research associates. [54] Antoine Laurent Lavoisier's Louis 1788 publication entitled Mthode de Nomenclature Chimique, published with colleagues Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, Claude Louis Berthollet, and Antoine Franois, comte de Fourcroy,[55] was honored by a Citation for Chemical Breakthrough Award from the Division of History of Chemistry of the American Chemical Society, presented at the Acadmie des Sciences (Paris) in 2015. From this, Lavoisier and Laplace concluded that respiration was similar to slow combustion. [43] Rather than reporting factual evidence, opposition claimed Lavoisier was misinterpreting the implications of his research. Updates? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [13], Lavoisier had a vision of public education having roots in "scientific sociability" and philanthropy. Antoine Lavoisier introduced that a chemical element is a substance that could not be further decomposed. Answer: Antoine Lavoisier, the father of nutrition and chemistry, discovered metabolism in 1770, which is the conversion of food and oxygen into heat and water in the body to produce energy. He also attempted to introduce reforms in the French monetary and taxation system to help the peasants. Antoine Lavoisier - Wikipedia Lavoisier's experiments supported the law of conservation of mass. The acids, regarded in the new system as compounds of various elements with oxygen, were given names which indicated the element involved together with the degree of oxygenation of that element, for example sulfuric and sulfurous acids, phosphoric and phosphorous acids, nitric and nitrous acids, the "ic" termination indicating acids with a higher proportion of oxygen than those with the "ous" ending. [21], Lavoisier urged the establishment of a Royal Commission on Agriculture. It remains a classic in the history of science. Contribution to the History of Photosynthesis: Antoine Lavoisier. One of Lavoisier's allies, Jean Baptiste Biot, wrote of Lavoisier's methodology, "one felt the necessity of linking accuracy in experiments to rigor of reasoning. Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (26 August 1743 - 8 May 1794) was a French nobleman, chemist and biologist.He is often called the "Father of Modern Chemistry". Nutrition: It is defined as a physiological and biochemical process that gives organism support for its life. He stated the first version of the Law of conservation of mass, co-discovered, recognized and named oxygen (1778) as well as hydrogen, disproved the phlogiston theory, introduced the Metric system . Among the scientists who worked to created a table of the elements were, from left, Antoine Lavoisier, Johann Wolfang Dbereiner, John Newlands and Henry . It contained a list of elements, which formed the basis for the modern list of elements. Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (August 26, 1743 - May 8, 1794) the "father of modern chemistry," was a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry, finance, biology, and economics.. It includes ingestion, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism (the process of breaking food), and excretion. While other chemists were also looking for conservation principles capable of explaining chemical reactions, Lavoisier was particularly intent on collecting and weighing all the substances involved in the reactions he studied. Lavoisier's education was filled with the ideals of the French Enlightenment of the time, and he was fascinated by Pierre Macquer's dictionary of chemistry. xxvixxvii, xxviii of Douglas McKie's introduction to the Dover edition. Lavoisier is commonly cited as a central contributor to the chemical revolution. By a very precise quantitative experiment, Lavoisier showed that the "earthy" sediment produced after long-continued reflux heating of water in a glass vessel was not due to a conversion of the water into earth but rather to the gradual disintegration of the inside of the glass vessel produced by the boiling water. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. 1980). Thus, for instance, if a piece of wood is burned to ashes, the total mass remains unchanged if gaseous reactants and products are included. Lavoisier also did early research in physical chemistry and thermodynamics in joint experiments with Laplace. He investigated the composition of air and water. His appointment to the Gunpowder Commission brought one great benefit to Lavoisier's scientific career as well. In 1791, Lavoisier chaired the commission set up to establish a uniform metric system. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. antoine lavoisier contribution to nutrition [28] Lavoisier was one of the 27 Farmers General who, by order of the Convention, were all to be detained. What are Antoine Lavoisiers accomplishments? Antoine Lavoisier Biography | Biography Online A landmark of neoclassical portraiture and a cornerstone of The Met collection, Jacques Louis David's Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794) and Marie Anne Lavoisier (Marie Anne Pierrette Paulze, 1758-1836) presents a modern, scientifically minded couple in fashionable but simple dress, their bodies casually intertwined. He established the consistent use of the chemical balance, used oxygen to overthrow the phlogiston theory, and developed a new system of chemical nomenclature which held that oxygen was an essential constituent of all acids (which later turned out to be erroneous). The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". [13] In 1772, he performed a study on how to reconstruct the Htel-Dieu hospital, after it had been damaged by fire, in a way that would allow proper ventilation and clean air throughout. Crops Review is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. The court was however inclined to believe that by condemning them and seizing their goods, it would recover huge sums for the state. See the "Advertisement," p. vi of Kerr's translation, and pp. antoine lavoisier contribution to nutrition. Commenting on this quotation, Denis Duveen, an English expert on Lavoiser and a collector of his works, wrote that "it is pretty certain that it was never uttered". [11][12][13][14] Lavoisier was a humanitarianhe cared deeply about the people in his country and often concerned himself with improving the livelihood of the population by agriculture, industry, and the sciences. Antoine-laurent Lavoisier | Encyclopedia.com [14] (It would also contribute to his demise during the Reign of Terror many years later. This led him to come up with the Law of Conservation, which states that matter is unable to be made or destroyed. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier's contributions to medicine and - PubMed Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. He also demonstrated where animal heat comes from. For other uses, see, In his table of the elements, Lavoisier listed five "salifiable earths" (i.e., ores that could be made to react with acids to produce salts (, Chronicle of the french revolution ISBN 0-582-05294-0. But, according to Stahls hypothesis they should have weighed less as the metal had lost the phlogiston component. Lavoisier was a wealthy man, a financier and economist. The quantitative results were good enough to support the contention that water was not an element, as had been thought for over 2,000 years, but a compound of two gases, hydrogen and oxygen. He published an account of this review in 1774 in a book entitled Opuscules physiques et chimiques (Physical and Chemical Essays). This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. King Louis XVI himself, whom he served as a tax collector, was condemned ahead and guillotined in January 1793. His first chemical publication appeared in 1764. The modern periodic table arranges the elements by their atomic numbers and periodic properties. In 1764 he read his first paper to the French Academy of Sciences, France's most elite scientific society, on the chemical and physical properties of gypsum (hydrated calcium sulfate), and in 1766 he was awarded a gold medal by the King for an essay on the problems of urban street lighting. Lavoisier recognized that Black's fixed air was identical with the air evolved when metal calces were reduced with charcoal and even suggested that the air which combined with metals on calcination and increased the weight might be Black's fixed air, that is, CO2. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Antoine Lavoisier and The Study of Respiration: 200 Years Old Lavoisier found that whether diamond or charcoal was burnt, neither produced any water and both released the same amount of carbon dioxide per gram. The quantitative results were good enough to support the contention that water was not an element but a compound of two gases, hydrogen and oxygen. Antoine Lavoisier | Revolutionary French chemist | New Scientist He compiled the first completeat that timelist of elements, discovered and named oxygen and hydrogen, helped develop the metric system, helped revise and standardize chemical nomenclature, and discovered that matter retains its mass even when it changes forms. Antoine Lavoisier was a pivotal figure in late 18th-century chemistry. [11] Lavoisier took part in investigations in 1780 (and again in 1791) on the hygiene in prisons and had made suggestions to improve living conditions, suggestions which were largely ignored. The law of conservation of mass became established only after Lavoisiers efforts and many credit him for discovering mass conservation in chemical reactions. He then served as its Secretary and spent considerable sums of his own money in order to improve the agricultural yields in the Sologne, an area where farmland was of poor quality. He also introduced the possibility of allotropy in chemical elements when he discovered that diamond is a crystalline form of carbon. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. du Pont soon launched Le Republicain and published Lavoisier's latest chemistry texts. Antoine Lavoisier (1743-1794) was one of the most eminent scientists of the late 18th century. Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794) - Sportsci Paulze, pouse et collaboratrice de Lavoisier, Vesalius, VI, 2, 105113, 2000, "An Historical Note on the Conservation of Mass", "Trait lmentaire de chimie: Prsent dans un ordre nouveau et d'aprs les dcouvertes modernes; avec figures", "Precision instruments and the demonstrative order of proof in Lavoisier's chemistry", "Considrations gnrales sur la nature des acides", "Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier: The Chemical Revolution", "Citation for Chemical Breakthrough Award", "International Society for Biological Calorimetry (ISBC) - About ISBC_", "The Lavoisier Medal honors exceptional scientists and engineers | DuPont USA", "Le Prix FranklinLavoiser2018 a t dcern au Comit Lavoisier", "Revolutionary Instruments, Lavoisier's Tools as Objets d'Art", Location of Lavoisier's laboratory in Paris, Radio 4 program on the discovery of oxygen. Apart from his contributions to science, Antoine Lavoisier also did a lot of work as a humanitarian. antoine lavoisier contribution to nutrition. [20] To ensure that only these authorised amounts were added, and to exclude the black market, Lavoisier saw to it that a watertight system of checks, accounts, supervision and testing made it very difficult for retailers to source contraband tobacco or to improve their profits by bulking it up. Lavoisier was a powerful member of a number of aristocratic councils, and an administrator of the Ferme gnrale. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Lavoisier made many other important contributions to the field of chemistry which include establishing water as a compound of hydrogen and oxygen; discovering that sulfur is an element and that diamond is a form of carbon; establishing law of conservation of mass in chemistry; and co-authoring the first modern system of chemical nomenclature. In the course of this review, he made his first full study of the work of Joseph Black, the Scottish chemist who had carried out a series of classic quantitative experiments on the mild and caustic alkalies. In 1789, Antoine Lavoisier published his most famous work Trait lmentaire de chimie (Elementary Treatise of Chemistry). Money and accounting were very important to him. antoine lavoisier contribution to nutritionmass effect andromeda truth and trespass bug 03/06/2022 / brinks robbery weather underground / en elliot williams cnn education / por / brinks robbery weather underground / en elliot williams cnn education / por Antoine Laurent Lavoisier is often referred to as the "father of . Antoine Lavoisier - McGill University He called the air dephlogisticated air, as he thought it was common air deprived of its phlogiston. Marie Anne Pierrette Paulze was a significant contributor to the understanding of chemistry in the late 1700s. In the 1720s the English cleric and natural philosopher Stephen Hales demonstrated that atmospheric air loses its spring (i.e., elasticity) once it becomes fixed in solids and liquids. [12] The first instance of this occurred in 1765, when he submitted an essay on improving urban street lighting to the French Academy of Sciences. He . However, he continued his scientific education in his spare time. He discovered that combustion involves oxidation in which oxygen is added to a compound; he demonstrated that the process of respiration combined carbon and hydrogen with oxygen; and that the process generates heat (Maynard et al. ", "On the Solution of Mercury in Vitriolic Acid. joe and the juice tunacado ingredients; pickleball courts brentwood; tornado damage in princeton, ky; marshall county inmate roster; antoine lavoisier contribution to nutrition. The paper ended with a hasty statement that the experiment was "more than sufficient to lay hold of the certainty of the proposition" of the composition of water and stated that the methods used in the experiment would unite chemistry with the other physical sciences and advance discoveries.[47]. Deliberately, he pursued experiments to disprove the Phlogiston Theory, and well he did, replacing it with hisOxygen Theorywhich accounts for the dephlogisticated air that is given off by plants in the process of photosynthesis. His precise measurements and meticulous keeping of balance sheets throughout his experiment were vital to the widespread acceptance of the law of conservation of mass. The chemistry Lavoisier studied as a student was not a subject particularly noted for conceptual clarity or theoretical rigour. the transfer of food and oxygen into heat and water in the body, creating energy, was discovered in 1770 by Antoine Lavoisier, the "Father of Nutrition and Chemistry." And in the early 1800s, the elements of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen, the main components of food . In the intervening period, Lavoisier had ample time to repeat some of Priestley's latest experiments and perform some new ones of his own. After studying the humanities and sciences at the Collge Mazarin, Antoine Lavoisier studied law. 55 substances which could not be decomposed into simpler substances by any known chemical means were listed as elements in the publication. He predicted the existence of silicon (1787)[6] and discovered that, although matter may change its form or shape, its mass always remains the same. All Rights Reserved. For all his accomplishments in the field, Antoine Lavoisier is widely regarded as the father of modern chemistry. Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (UK: /lvwzie/ lav-WUZ-ee-ay,[1] US: /lvwzie/ l-VWAH-zee-ay;[2][3] French:[twan l d lavwazje]; 26 August 1743 8 May 1794),[4] also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution, was a French nobleman and chemist who was central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and who had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology.[5]. His insistence that chemists accepted this assumption as a law was part of his larger program for raising chemistry to the investigative standards and causal explanation found in contemporary experimental physics. [29], Lavoisier himself was removed from the commission on weights and measures on 23 December 1793, together with mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace and several other members, for political reasons. Antoine Lavoisier, in full Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, (born August 26, 1743, Paris, Francedied May 8, 1794, Paris), prominent French chemist and leading figure in the 18th-century chemical revolution who developed an experimentally based theory of the chemical reactivity of oxygen and coauthored the modern system for naming chemical substances. Lavoisier consolidated his social and economic position when, in 1771 at age 28, he married Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze, the 13-year-old daughter of a senior member of the Ferme gnrale. In fact in France, the law is still taught as Lavoisiers Law. Lavoisier's researches on combustion were carried out in the midst of a very busy schedule of public and private duties, especially in connection with the Ferme Gnrale. Other members of the committee including the well-known mathematicians Pierre-Simon Laplace and Adrien-Marie Legendre. Joseph Priestley, Richard Kirwan, James Keir, and William Nicholson, among others, argued that quantification of substances did not imply conservation of mass. Marie Anne Lavoisier translated Richard Kirwan's 'Essay on Phlogiston' from English to French which allowed her husband and . It was previously claimed that the elements were distinguishable by certain physical properties: water and earth were incompressible, air could be both expanded and compressed, whereas fire could not be either contained or measured. cfb halifax dockyard clothing stores. Lavoisier is most famous for changing chemistry from a qualitative to a quantitative science. Having also served as a leading financier and public administrator before the French Revolution, he was executed with other financiers during the Terror. Lavoisier as a social reformer Lavoisier conducting an experiment on respiration in the 1770s Research benefitting the public good While Lavoisier is commonly known for his contributions to the sciences, he also dedicated a significant portion of his fortune and work toward benefitting the public. The list was not totally accurate and included light and caloric (matter of heat). Priestly called it dephlogisticated air, believing its unusual properties were caused by the absence of phlogiston. Read more here. [14], At the time, the prisons in Paris were known to be largely unlivable and the prisoners' treatment inhumane. In the original memoir, Lavoisier showed that the mercury calx was a true metallic calx in that it could be reduced with charcoal, giving off Black's fixed air in the process. Marie Anne Paulze Lavoisier: The Mother of Modern Chemistry . During the White Terror, his belongings were delivered to his widow. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. In 1783, Antoine Lavoisier coined the name hydrogen for the gas which Henry Cavendish had recognized as a new element in 1766. They used a calorimeter to estimate the heat evolved per unit of carbon dioxide produced, eventually finding the same ratio for a flame and animals, indicating that animals produced energy by a type of combustion reaction. Chemists like Lavoisier focused their attention upon analyzing mixts (i.e., compounds), such as the salts formed when acids combine with alkalis. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Omissions? He did, however, present one important memoir to the Academy of Sciences during this period, on the supposed conversion of water into earth by evaporation. [10] In 1769, he worked on the first geological map of France. The "official" version of Lavoisier's Easter Memoir appeared in 1778. 1770 Antoine Lavoisier, the "Father of Nutrition and Chemistry" discovered the actual process by which food is metabolized. How did Antoine Lavoisier change chemistry? [Solved!] He was known for his skills in experimentation and loved to separate the oxygen molecule from HgO. On behalf of the Ferme gnrale Lavoisier commissioned the building of a wall around Paris so that customs duties could be collected from those transporting goods into and out of the city. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. In 178283, along with Pierre Simon de Laplace, Lavoisier conducted experiments in the area of respiration physiology. Working with Jean-Baptiste Meusnier, Lavoisier passed water through a red-hot iron gun barrel, allowing the oxygen to form an oxide with the iron and the hydrogen to emerge from the end of the pipe. antoine lavoisier contribution to nutrition. Black wanted to know why slaked quicklime (hydrated calcium oxide) was neutralized when exposed to the atmosphere. Their work was only partially completed and published because of the Revolution's disruption, but Lavoisier's pioneering work in this field inspired similar research on physiological processes for generations.
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