personification vs animation | born with hyperextended knees
Overall, some pain and swelling can remain after this surgery. Hyperextended knees If your right hand is pressing down on your right shin firmly, youre pushing the tibia back. Steroid injections have also been used as well as Tramadol, a non-narcotic pain medicine that reacts like an opioid drug and is tolerated fairly well. Joint hypermobility syndrome is similar to, yet separate from other connective tissue disorders that share common features. WebHyperextended knees/Pelvic tilt. Orthopade. There may be nystagmus, deafness, and facial abnormalities. 2011 Oct; 31(7): 732-40. 2015 Jan;82(1):e139-42. People with hyperextended knees usually have weak quadriceps, or do not tend to engage them fully in straight-legged poses like Tadasana (Mountain Pose) and All Rights Reserved. Last medically reviewed on December 28, 2017, A sprained knee occurs when a person damages the ligaments. All rights reserved. A hyperextended knee is an injury that happens when your knee is bent backward beyond its usual limit. The Beighton score measures your joint flexibility on a nine-point scale. In many circumstances the child has been seen by a primary care or other practitioner and they are referred to the department of orthopedics, or the child may have had an injury and are following up at one of the orthopedic centers and a concern for hypermobility is noted. The symptoms of IBS are commonly found in joint hypermobility syndrome. Management of the acute knee dislocation: the Pittsburgh experience. Other recommendations include: For mild pain, your healthcare provider may recommend an over-the-counter pain reliever such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve). Hyperextended knee is often pretty easy to identify. If you have hyperextended knees, your heels will lift off the floor; if you watch carefully, you will observe that the part of your shinbone nearest each knee shifts back toward the floor. Heading out the door? As you begin to correct your knee alignment, you may become aware that your hyperextended knees are part of a bigger posture problem. By clicking Subscribe, I agree to the WebMD, Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Mediterranean, Low-Fat Diets Are Best for Heart Problems, Least Amount of Exercise You Need to Stay Healthy, Nerve 'Pulse' Therapy May Help Ease Sciatica, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, MINOCA: The Heart Attack You Didnt See Coming, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, How To Know if You Have Knee Hyperextension. Always use the proper tools or equipment at home to reach things. Its possible that an injury can damage one or multiple ligaments in your knee, including during a hyperextension. Your healthcare provider may use a test or questionnaire to measure the flexibility of your joints. Functional outcome following quadriceps tendon lengthening in congenital dislocation of the knee, with special reference to extensor weakness. Left little finger bending backward past 90 degrees; Right little finger bending backward past 90 degrees. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. But lets be franksome days, it seems impossible to carve out a large chunk of time for your practice. Am I done for the season? 1986 Jan-Feb; 6(1): 110-1. (2014, March). It is essential that the muscles surrounding the knees are strong. Because many people prone to hyperextension lean too heavily on the heel, this is a good correction; remember that a goal in standing poses is to have your weight evenly balanced on the four corners of each foot (the inner and outer edges of the heel, and the inner and outer edges of the ball of the foot). Johnson E, Audell R, Oppenheim WL. Therefore, your healthcare provider may recommend an exclusion diet to test for an intolerance to certain food products. It looks like when your children bend the legs of their barbie dolls in the wrong direction. Your efforts to protect your knees will then coincide with important physical goals of your yoga practice: to create strong, healthy joints and a spacious, vertical posture. However, for some If the force of the fall pushes your knee in one direction, but your foot cant follow, that can lead to knee hyperextension. Trouble moving your knee like you usually can. Never stand on chairs, tables or countertops. The Importance of Having a Relationship With Your Child's Pediatrician, Questions to Ask When Choosing a Pediatrician, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Ear, Nose & Throat (Otolaryngology) Services, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Hematology, Oncology & Blood and Marrow Transplant, Preparing for a Primary Care or Clinic Visit, Partners For Kids: Pediatric Accountable Care, The location is currently closed. Abdelaziz TH, Samir S: Congenital dislocation of the knee: A protocol for management based on degree of knee flexion. Monteagudo A, Kudla MM, Essig M, Santos R, Timor-Tritsch IE: Real-time and 3-dimensional sonographic diagnosis of postural congenital genu recurvatum. Get useful, helpful and relevant health + wellness information. Most injuries dont require surgery, and you should be able to resume all your usual activities within a few weeks. Elastic support bands or compression wraps are available for this purpose. doi: 10.3928/01477447-20100329-22. Contracted Tendons in Goat Kids Congenital dislocation of the knee. *, The location is currently closed. Recovery time can be lengthy with either one. 1960 Mar; 42-A: 207-25. WebThe most commonly affected joints are your elbows, wrists, fingers and knees. Chang Gung Med J. J Pediatr Orthop 2009; 29(7):720-725. An official website of the United States government. How long it takes you to feel better depends on how severely your knee was hyperextended and any other injuries you experienced. Clinically and radiologically they were diagnosed as isolated Hyperextended knees are common injuries for athletes. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. PMC If something or someone hits the front of your knee, the joint can be pushed back too far. Dont play through the pain or try to walk it off if you hyperextend your knee. People with joint hypermobility syndrome have loose joints because they have weak ligaments. Web8 Signs Your Child's Knee Needs To Be Examined 8 Signs Your Child's Knee Needs To Be Examined If your child or teen is experiencing any of the following symptoms, he or she should be seen by a specialist at Nationwide Childrens Hospital Sports Medicine. Using braces to support weak joints when they are injured or painful may be initiated. Early reduction for congenital dislocation of the knee within twenty-four hours of birth. The knees are vulnerable to injury from hard contact or a fall, or just everyday wear and tear. Acute pain in the joint, especially in the area behind the knee (popliteal fossa) These complaints can vary widely based on the anatomical structures affected and the severity of the knee hyperextension. Because of this, any new or worsening symptoms that occur after this type of injury should be evaluated immediately by a healthcare professional. Your knee can also get bent backward from contact. The initial examination of the infant was notable for passive hyperextension at the right knee (Figure 1) with otherwise full range of motion, including normal flexion. In any case, even minor knee injuries can increase your chance of getting another knee injury in the future. If genetic testing is warranted and not already scheduled, this may be arranged. A hyperextended knee is a type of injury to the knee caused by the knee bending too far backward. Grace, C. (2014, May 6). The ability of a joint to move beyond its normal range of motion is joint hypermobility. In less severe cases, a person may recover within 2 to 4 weeks from the time of the injury. While theres no cure, symptoms can be managed by keeping your muscles strong and taking medication. If you dont have hyperextension naturally and try to hyperextend, that would be a major injury you would want to avoid. Reduced mobility may be due to one of the following: The symptoms will range from mild to severe depending on how far back the knee was bent. If you do experience a more severe injury like a ligament tear you should still make a full recovery and get back to the sports and activities you love. Hypermobility means your joints can move beyond the normal range of motion. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The answer is C: serial casting. When theyre injured the knee becomes much less stable. Lage J, et al. Joints have a Contract your quads by gently pressing your thighbones down into the floor. A person must seek medical attention as soon as possible following the injury and follow all recommended treatment advice for the best chance of full recovery. If you press those four corners into the floor, your quads will contract, helping to stabilize your knee in its new, straight alignment. That will allow your doctor to feel for instability in the joint. I've always known about this, she was born with it, but I been asked today by her gymnastics coach, if she does any exercises for it as they are aware it can be dangerous in terms of her doing Depending on the severity of your injury, several symptoms may result from knee hyperextension. Knee pain, back pain, prolapsed discs or spondylolisthesis. The overstretched knee ligaments and tendons are also usually accompanied by changes in adjacent muscle groups, including the soleus muscle, which is deep in the calf. Congenital knee dislocation (CKD) is a hyperextension deformity of the knee with anterior tibia displacement, present at birth. Congenital dislocation of the knee reduced spontaneously or with minimal treatment. Following a hyperextended knee injury, it is a good idea to stop the activity that caused the damage in the first place. Physical therapy, including leg muscle strengthening, should follow surgery. Management of complex knee ligament injuries. Anything that forces your knee backward can cause a hyperextended knee. Dont play through the pain if your knee hurts during or after physical activity. Instr Course Lect. Dont play through pain or ignore symptoms. 2012 Jan;41(1):75-82; quiz 83. doi: 10.1007/s00132-011-1874-7. Traumas like falling can also cause your knee to hyperextend. 1926 Oct; 8(4): 822-823. And delay or avoid explosive sports, like basketball or skiing, until you make a full recovery. [Congenital dislocation of the knee with forefoot--adduction deformity]. Neibauer JJ, King DE. In fact, this joint is more or less just one long bone (the femur, or thighbone) stacked on top of another long bone (the tibia, or shinbone). The severity of the injury and damage to the surrounding tissues and ligaments affects how much pain and swelling a person will experience. Talk to your provider before taking NSAIDs for longer than 10 days. If surgery is required to repair a torn ligament, a piece of tendon from elsewhere in the knee or the hamstring is used to replace the completely torn ligament. What Is a Hyperextended Knee? - Verywell Health That will help protect your knees from future injuries. Cool down and stretch after physical activity. Its quite luxurious, isnt it? A joint with such laxity is said to be hypermobile, and the knee is particularly vulnerable to this problem. 2018 Oct 15;98(8):535-536. Can diet help improve depression symptoms? The soleus originates on the upper tibia and fibula, then runs down the calf to attach to the heel. Your doctor may also ask you to get an x-ray to understand if you've broken any bones and an MRI scan to check for injuries to the ligament. How your hyperextended knee is treated depends on the severity of your injury. Author disclosure: No relevant financial affiliations. It is possible that multiple areas of the knee will require surgery to repair. 1969 Mar; 51(2): 255-269. 2. Congenital dislocation of the knee. There are a few possible reasons that a knee might hyperextend. Avoid activities that bring on symptoms. to Fix Hyperextended Knees As you are learning this new alignment, its helpful to watch yourself in a mirror or get feedback from a teacher with a good eye for structure; you want to make sure to correct your alignment enough to remove the hyperextension but not so much that you bend your knee. In people with joint hypermobility syndrome, those ligaments are loose or weak. Simultaneous open reduction of ipsilateral congenital dislocation of the hip and knee assisted by femoral diaphyseal shortening. If it is short and tight, it will pull the upper ends of the tibia and fibula backward, contributing to hyperextension. Older adults tend to heal more slowly. Functional results after surgical treatment for congenital knee dislocation. Shoe inserts and/or orthotics are also helpful when the feet/ankles are involved, weak or flat. That can be minimized with exercise. Access resources for you to use during your baby's hospital stay and at home. ", OrthoInfo: "Combined Knee Ligament Injuries. Make sure your home and workspace are free from clutter that could trip you or others. Symptoms of a hyperextended knee include: If you hear or feel a pop inside your knee during your injury, its more likely youve torn one of your ligaments. These ligaments connect the tibia to the thighbone, or femur. This content is owned by the AAFP. Its important not to ignore a hyperextended knee. Researchers have found there may be a link between hypermobility and gastrointestinal issues such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Clin Orth Rel Res. If you tend to hyperextend, typical calf and hamstring stretches done with a straight knee can aggravate the problem unless you take care to engage your quadriceps (front thigh muscles). Picture a football player getting tackled by their legs, or a basketball player landing awkwardly after a jump. During sports or other physical activities: Follow these general safety tips to reduce your risk of an injury: You should expect to make a full recovery after hyperextending your knee. Clin Pediatr (Phila). Elchalal U, et al. Hyperextended knees are often a problem in Trikonasana, for several reasons. For the average person, rest may mean not walking on the injured leg or using a brace. If you need surgery to repair more severe injuries it could take a few months before you can resume all your usual activities. Policy. Its a temporary injury that shouldnt have long-term impacts on your health or your ability to play the sports you love. He said this would cause problems with my joints. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. Occasionally a calf is born with crooked legs, lax or contracted tendons or some other abnormality that may need care. J Pediatr Orthop. WebAt birth, affected kids have varying degrees of fixed flexion of the forelimbs and fixed extension of the hind limbs. Limited Open Quadriceps Release for Treatment of Congenital Dislocation of the Knee. Laurence M. Genu recurvatum congenitum. However, if the injury that caused your hyperextension damaged tendons like your ACL or PCL, you might need surgery to repair those tears. Is this a serious injury? It usually gets better with age. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-234881. 5 Basic Yoga Poses Modified for Knee Pain, Protect Your Knees: Learn to Avoid Hyperextension, 5 Common Poses That Can Cause Injury in Hyper-Mobile Practitioners, Hip Flexor Stretches to Counteract All That Sitting, Go-To Yoga Sequence for Coming Into Pigeon Pose. In some cases, better motion at the knee joint after surgery can have good results. Your doctor will advise you to do physiotherapy exercises during this time, and they may also ask you to use crutches. MeSH Ice is a popular treatment for injuries such as a hyperextended knee, as it helps reduce swelling and relieve some pain. For more severe pain, your healthcare provider may prescribe stronger pain medication or provide additional resources to help manage your pain. Percutaneous quadriceps recession involves division of the fascial layer of the rectus femoris, allowing for further knee reduction. Intrauterine diagnosis of dislocation of the knee. The ACL is a pair of ligaments in the knee. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 1987 Mar; 216:135-140. This novel blood clot treatment doesn't increase bleeding risk, Why young women have more adverse outcomes after a heart attack than young men, Gut microbiome appears to fluctuate throughout the day and across seasons, One-hour endoscopic procedure could eliminate the need for insulin for type 2 diabetes, New clues to slow aging? A patients guide to posterior cruciate ligament injuries. The .gov means its official. The ligaments that could become sprained include the ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) and the PCL (posterior cruciate ligament). Then the sprain is given a grade. WebCongenital knee dislocation (CKD) is a hyperextension deformity of the knee with anterior tibia displacement, present at birth. Observation is not recommended for congenital knee dislocation because active management is essential to obtain the most functional flexion in the knee.3,4 Physical therapy, although an essential component of the treatment regimen, is not the initial step. Kazemi SM, Abbasian MR, Hosseinzadeh HR, Zanganeh RF, Eajazi A, Daftari Besheli L. Orthopedics. Even if reconstructive surgery is not possible, there are many different types of prosthetic devices that can be used to increase function. Often, it is the harmless popping, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Limb problems in newborn calves The knee should be held above the heart, which is often accomplished by laying down and raising the leg on a pillow or other comfortable platform. This can be related to weak, loose ligaments and can lead to joint instability which increases the risk of strain, injury and therefore, pain. Gabapentin or Lyrica, medications for seizures, have been used with some success to decrease the burning that can be associated with HMS. The main cause of lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injuries is direct-force trauma to the inside of the knee. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 1985 Feb; 56(1): 1-7. Depending on the severity of your injury, several symptoms may result from knee hyperextension. Hyperextended Knee National Library of Medicine Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. These conditions are called Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue (HDCT). One of the best ways to start training the quads to work in the straight-knee position is by sitting on the floor with your legs stretched out straight in front of you. Hyperextended knee: Symptoms, treatment, and exercises In addition to symptoms like pain and swelling, it might be hard to use your knee like you usually can after its hyperextended. Joint hypermobility syndrome can be a sign of a more serious underlying genetic condition. Talk to your surgeon or healthcare provider before resuming any physical activities while youre recovering. Our Global Patient Services team is here to help international and out-of-area families every step of the way. Home treatment, If you've been sidelined by a common sports injury like an ACL tear, you're likely wondering how long it will take to heal. It may take months before you achieve a full range of motion and the knee is pain-free. Years ago my chiropractor told me I was born with hyperextended knees, so when I stand I lock my knees back all the way. This material may not otherwise be downloaded, copied, printed, stored, transmitted or reproduced in any medium, whether now known or later invented, except as authorized in writing by the AAFP. For some people, symptoms are mild. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. Knee Hyperextension Being able to bend forward and place your hands flat on the floor without bending your knees. Athletes may be able to continue with their sports. Learn about the most common knee injuries from falling, as well as which ones you can treat at home and which ones require medical attention. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The goal of the exercises is to improve range of motion and increase strength. Tendon contracture and laxity problems in Placing flat hands on the floor with straight legs, Left knee bending backward; Right knee bending backward, Left elbow bending backward; Right elbow bending backward, Right thumb touching the forearm; Left thumb touching the forearm. Newborn with a Hyperextended Knee Newborn with a Hyperextended Knee Am Fam Physician. Congenital Hand Deformities Gymnasts, skiers, and other athletes are at a higher risk of a hyperextended knee than other people. WebTwo babies 1 male and 1 female were born with severe hyperextension deformity of the knees about 30 degrees. As an alternate strategy, you can place a block or some other firm object 6 to 7 inches high under your calf, and make sure you do not let your calf press into the block as you move into the pose. A bad fall or a bad landing after a jump can cause a hyperextended knee. The babies were moving the knees and lower limbs normally at final follow up at 6 months follow up and were confirmed clinically and radiologically. Bipartite Patella J Child Orthop 2011; 5(2):143-149. In most people, this causes no problems and does not require treatment. 2017 Apr/May;37(3):192-198. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0000000000000612. A popping Oetgen ME, et al. Compassion. A person viewing it online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference. One injury that is common, especially among active people, 1993 Feb; (287): 187-92. Some calves have mild defects such as front legs cocked forward a little at the knee or fetlock joint and can still move around enough to survive and grow to butcher size. Serial casting is the initial treatment of choice for congenital dislocation of the knee, also known as congenital genu recurvatum. The incidence of congenital dislocation of the knee is approximately one in 100,000.1,2. Proprioception (sense of joint movement)-If there is difficulty detecting the exact position of the joints with the eyes closed, it is possible for hypermobile joints to develop because of over-stretching. All rights reserved. To do this, gradually press your thighs down while keeping your heels on the floor; you will notice that now the upper shinbones do not drop toward the floor. Hyperextended knee: Cause of serious injury? But, later surgeries can be more difficult and have poorer long-term results. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Knee pain and injuries are widespread, particularly in very active people and athletes. Your ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) and PCL (posterior cruciate ligament) connect your thigh bone (femur) to your shin bone (tibia). As you move the shinbone, you may notice that a little more weight shifts onto the ball of the foot and that there is less weight on your heel. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. Many people are double-jointed or have very flexible joints. 2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK. He also told me I have lateral pelvic tilt. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/anterior-cruciate-ligament-acl-injuries/, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4739537/, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46281546_Management_of_Complex_Knee_Ligament_Injuries, https://firstaidcalgary.ca/signs-and-symptoms-of-a-hyperextended-knee/, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3407802/, A safer blood thinner? Shah NR, Limpaphayom N, Dobbs MB: A minimally invasive treatment protocol for the congenital dislocation of the knee. The five questions asked are: If you answered yes to two or more questions, you may have joint hypermobility syndrome. 2010 Dec;38(4):101-11. doi: 10.3810/psm.2010.12.1832. Your knee might buckle (feel weak or unstable), and you might not be able to put weight on it like youre used to. Specific genetic disorders that are associated with congenital knee dislocations include: Larsen syndrome: A syndrome that affects the growth and development of bones throughout the body, including the bones that make up the knee joint. The ACL controls the forward movement and the rotation of the shinbone, or tibia. Learn More These methods are used when nonoperative or conservative treatment fails. You might be able to resume sports only after six months. Your expected recovery time depends on the severity of your injury, but physiotherapy can help speed things up. Joint hypermobility syndrome is most common in children and young people. know this: even a few minutes of movement can make a huge difference in how you approach Continued. Della Villa, F., Ricci, M., Perdisa, F., Filardo, G., Gamberini, J., Caminati, D., Della Villa, S. (2016, January 31). Fanelli, G. C., Stannard, J. P., Stuart, M. J., MacDonald, P. B., Marx, R. G., Whelan, D. B., Levy, B. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). These are all questions that run through your mind when you hyperextend your knee. You could have been born with knee hyperextension; however, this would be a congenital condition that would likely affect both knees. When youre born, your kneecap is made up of mostly cartilage and blood vessels. Pain is the most obvious tell. Here's what to expect from. Symptoms. Prepatellar bursitis is a common complaint of people who work on their knees or who engage in activities that risk blows to the knee. WebA hyperextended knee or knee hyperextension develops when the knee joint bends the wrong way and damages the ligaments near the knee. This injury can reduce your mobility for a few months. What's to know about crepitus of the knee? 1987 May-Apr; 7(2): 194-200. 1999 March; 19(2): 252-259. Expertise. J Bone Joint Surg Am. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Download the app. Treatment involves protecting your joints and managing your pain. Diagnosis will begin with a visit to your doctor. Newborn with a Hyperextended Knee - PubMed The most frequent ones include: 2. Part of the exam will include movement of your injured knee. Retrieved from, houstonmethodist.org/orthopedics/where-does-it-hurt/knee/posterior-cruciate-ligament-injuries/, orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00551, hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/test_procedures/orthopaedic/knee_ligament_repair_92,p07675/, mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/knee-pain/expert-answers/hyperextended-knee/faq-20058471, Lateral Collateral Ligament Sprain and Injury, How to Ease Knee Pain and Sleep Tight Through the Night, The 6 Best Knee Compression Sleeves of 2023, What Your Knee Pain May Indicate Based on Its Location, Prepatellar Bursitis on the Kneecap: Treatment and Recovery from this Injury, ACL Knee Repair Sometimes Leads to Better Outcomes Than Reconstruction, Pain After Total Knee Replacement Surgery? The choice between the two types of surgical repair is dependent on the patient's native anatomy and abnormalities found on examination.3,5. You receive one point for each of the following: If you scored four or more points and have had pain in four or more joints for at least three months, you may have joint hypermobility syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Br. The three most common exclusion diets are: If you have joint hypermobility syndrome, its important to maintain a healthy lifestyle and protect your joints. You may need to wear a knee brace for several months or longer to help stabilize the joint. J Pediatr Orthop. Practice exercises that will strengthen the muscles in your legs.
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As a part of Jhan Dhan Yojana, Bank of Baroda has decided to open more number of BCs and some Next-Gen-BCs who will rendering some additional Banking services. We as CBC are taking active part in implementation of this initiative of Bank particularly in the states of West Bengal, UP,Rajasthan,Orissa etc.
We got our robust technical support team. Members of this team are well experienced and knowledgeable. In addition we conduct virtual meetings with our BCs to update the development in the banking and the new initiatives taken by Bank and convey desires and expectation of Banks from BCs. In these meetings Officials from the Regional Offices of Bank of Baroda also take part. These are very effective during recent lock down period due to COVID 19.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the Models used by Bank of Baroda for implementation of Financial Inclusion. ICT based models are (i) POS, (ii) Kiosk. POS is based on Application Service Provider (ASP) model with smart cards based technology for financial inclusion under the model, BCs are appointed by banks and CBCs These BCs are provided with point-of-service(POS) devices, using which they carry out transaction for the smart card holders at their doorsteps. The customers can operate their account using their smart cards through biometric authentication. In this system all transactions processed by the BC are online real time basis in core banking of bank. PoS devices deployed in the field are capable to process the transaction on the basis of Smart Card, Account number (card less), Aadhar number (AEPS) transactions.