personification vs animation | did britain have aircraft carriers in ww2
on "So they decided to have a hull of ice, but build it like a conventional ship, which meant it had to be kept frozen through some kind of refrigeration system.". Most significantly the BPF struck oil targets in Sumatra in January 1945. or Warship Losses, - Naval Ocean, north west of North Cape in Barents Sea (71.42N, Britain now needed ice, so it turned to Canada for help. flying range of Malta; 1 man killed. "It's not sexy. An 'Old' Battleship Actually Sank an Aircraft Carrier in 1940 to Cruisers GLORY, This new-found importance of naval aviation forced nations to create a number of carriers, in an effort to provide air superiority for every major fleet. They also occurred amid rising tensions between China and the US and its partners. A 1946 artist's impression of the proposed HMS Habbakuk. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. USS Carl Vinson and its strike group arrived in the 7th Fleet's area of operations in early September. They served the Royal Navy during the war, and their hull design was chosen for nearly all aircraft carrier equipped navies after the war until the 1980s. - Battle for Malta), HMS Ark Royal (NavyPhotos/Ben Titheridge), 16. Escorting destroyers Acasta knots, 18 aircraft, 650 crew, 1942-43. When the Royal Navy ships were hit by kamikazes off Okinawa, the value of their armoured decks was proven, but so were the improvements in their fire-fighting systems installed by the U.S. Navy. ARMED MERCHANTMEN (CAM-Ships). torpedoed by German U.201 (Schnee); 32 crew lost. Grain Carriers, EMPIRE MacALPINE, EMPIRE List) repairs to storm-damage sustained during Russian convoy SMITER, usually had to ditch and hope to be picked up, or make for There are two carriers, HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales, currently in service. Escort aircraft carriers, such as USSBogue, were sometimes purpose-built, but most were converted from merchant ships as a stop-gap measure to provide anti-submarine air support for convoys and amphibious invasions. They have an air wing of seven SH60K Seahawk anti-submarine-warfare helicopters and seven Kawasaki MCH101 helicopters, which conduct minesweeping and transport missions. The 1941 Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor was a clear illustration of the power projection capability afforded by a large force of modern carriers. The Royal Navy's Pacific Strike Force | Naval History Magazine Amphibious assault ships like USS America are not full-fledged carriers but can operate short-takeoff and vertical-landing aircraft like the AV-8B Harrier II and its successor, the F-35B stealth fighter. PRETORIA Aircraft carrier operation required three elements: a means of launching from the ship, a means of recovering aircraft aboard ship, and a means of stowage. Stowage was accomplished by elevator lifts, which were usually located in two or three places along the centreline of the flight deck. carriers appeared with the aim of driving off or shooting MIRALDA, RAPANA, 9 ships - 12,000 tons, 12 knots, 3 Here's how their 'big decks' stack up. World War 2, AIRCRAFT Fleet air arm during the Second World War No hangar and lift; Light aircraft carriers were fast enough to operate with the fleet but smaller and with fewer aircraft. Navy Organisation, - 1,000 Warship Carrying more than 100 aircraft, these vessels became the principal fleet carriers of the Pacific Theatre. Three British innovations contributed toward solution of these problems: a steam-powered catapult, an angled, or canted, flight deck, and a mirror landing-signal system. Also, when the tip of an iceberg melts, it makes it turn and roll, which would be a problem with aircraft trying to refuel on it. Aircraft carrier | Definition, History, & Facts | Britannica Catapult aircraft merchant ships, were cargo-carrying merchant ships that could launch (but not retrieve) a single fighter aircraft from a catapult to defend the convoy from long-range German aircraft. Britain's Carrier Strike Group 21, led by HMS Queen Elizabeth, entered the Indo-Pacific in July. List) (Battles Escort Movements, - Battles, Major On the way to Noumea, New Caledonia, the Royal Navy discovered how the U.S. Navy conducted underway replenishment. ATHELING, ROYAL German U-boats being chased off the US coast in 1942. down German bombers and reconnaissance aircraft, Carriers played a dominant role in every aspect of operations at sea in World War II. AIRCRAFT CARRIERS (MAC-Ships). The Battle of Midway reinforced a conviction already clear, especially from British operations in the Mediterranean with and without air support, that control of the sea also meant control of the air over the sea. Although most people in the area had a rough idea of what had been going on, some mystique started to grow around it. (CHARGER), 5 ships built in US - 8,200 tons, 17 knots, 15 Project Habakkuk or Habbakuk (spelling varies) was a plan by the British during the Second World War to construct an aircraft carrier out of pykrete (a mixture of wood pulp and ice) for use against German U-boats in the mid-Atlantic, which were beyond the flight range of land-based planes at that time.The plan was to create what would have been the largest ship ever at 600 metres (2,000 ft . Izumo's conversion began in 2020 and was completed in July. List of aircraft carriers of World War II, 1941 Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, List of World War II ships of less than 1000 tons, "US Navy Inactive Classification Symbols", Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, "Royal Navy operations in the Second World War", "Scharnhorst - The History; Operation "Juno", Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_aircraft_carriers_of_World_War_II&oldid=1152337820, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from November 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, torpedoed 1944, not repaired, scrapped 1954, paid off 5 January 1946, scrapped 24 May 1980, decommissioned 29 August 1946, scrapped 1959, decommissioned 9 April 1954, scrapped 1960, paid off 12 February 1946, scrapped 14 May 1946, struck November 1966, scrapped March 1967, decommissioned 13 January 1947, scrapped 1961, decommissioned 15 January 1970, scrapped 1994, decommissioned 30 November 1946, scrapped 1960, decommissioned 2 July 1971, scrapped 1992, decommissioned 1 December 1969, scrapped 1971, decommissioned 9 January 1947, scrapped 1973, decommissioned 21 January 1955, scrapped 2002, decommissioned 10 June 1946, scrapped 1947, paid off 12 May 1946, sold into merchant service, scrapped 1972/73, decommissioned 14 August 1946, scrapped 1960, not completed during war, converted to tanker 1945, scrapped June 1963, scuttled on 27 November 1942, scrapped 15 May 1950, decommissioned 30 November 1946, scrapped 1971, decommissioned 13 January 1947, scrapped 1960, laid down 18 December 1944, not completed, converted to merchant ship as, work halted 2 February 1943; seized 20 June 1946, renamed, transferred to merchant service post-war; renamed, transferred to merchant service 1946, renamed, returned to merchant service 1947, renamed, decommissioned 30 June 1969, scrapped 1975, decommissioned 14 August 1946, scrapped 1959, paid off 21 December 1945, sold as a merchant ship; scrapped 1975, not completed, construction halted on 19 September 1939, scrapped 28 February 1940, decommissioned 17 February 1947, scrapped 1964, decommissioned 30 September 1977, scrapped 3 May 1978, returned to merchant service 1946; scrapped 1958, decommissioned 15 January 1955, scrapped 1 November 1979, launched 8 December 1938, not completed, scuttled 16 August 1947, decommissioned 15 July 1946, scrapped 1959, decommissioned 20 July 1946, scrapped 1960, decommissioned 17 January 1947, scrapped 1961, paid off 17 January 1947, scrapped May 1946, launched 21 May 1943, not completed, scrapped 22 November 1946, decommissioned 28 August 1946, target ship scuttled 1951, decommissioned 15 March 1974, museum ship, laid down 26 November 1938, not completed, construction stopped June 1940, decommissioned 14 June 1946, scrapped 1959, decommissioned 15 May 1946, scrapped 1947, decommissioned 6 July 1946, scrapped 1960, converted to merchant ship 1947, scrapped 1948, decommissioned 19 April 1946, scrapped 1947, decommissioned 15 December 1955, scrapped 1971, decommissioned 16 August 1946, scrapped 1961, decommissioned 11 February 1947, scrapped 1964, decommissioned 8 November 1991; museum ship, decommissioned 24 October 1946, scrapped 1960, decommissioned 9 August 1946, scrapped 1961, decommissioned 31 July 1946, scrapped 1959, Returned to her owner 1 August 1942 (had been requisitioned by the Admiralty in September 1940), decommissioned 12 December 1946, scrapped 1960, decommissioned 11 October 1946, scrapped 1960, decommissioned 11 April 1992; Museum Ship, returned to merchant service post-war; renamed, decommissioned 21 February 1947, scrapped 1959, decommissioned 16 January 1956, scrapped 1971, decommissioned 26 April 1946, scrapped 1960, to Netherlands 23 March 1946, scrapped 1971, decommissioned 28 October 1946, scrapped 1961, decommissioned 20 May 1946, scrapped 1959, decommissioned 15 May 1946, scrapped 1960, launched 14 January 1945, 70% complete, sunk 25 August 1945, scrapped 1948, paid off 7 February 1947, scrapped February 1974, transferred to France 6 August 1946, renamed, decommissioned 31 July 1955, scrapped 1959, decommissioned 18 October 1946, scrapped 10 January 1962, returned to USN 12 February 1946, sold for scrap May 1946, decommissioned 13 February 1969, scrapped 1975, decommissioned 18 October 1946, scrapped 1947, decommissioned 11 June 1946, scrapped 1960, paid off 29 January 1946, scrapped 31 May 1946, decommissioned 19 June 1946, scrapped 1960, decommissioned 16 February 1954, scrapped 30 October 1961, decommissioned 24 October 1945, scrapped 1960, decommissioned 21 October 1946, scrapped 1960, decommissioned 1 March 1947, scrapped 1972, decommissioned 23 June 1946, scrapped 1959, decommissioned 6 July 1946, scrapped 1958, decommissioned 30 July 1971, scrapped 1988, decommissioned 31 July 1956, scrapped 1971, decommissioned 28 June 1946, scrapped 1960, decommissioned 27 July 1954, scrapped 1960, paid off 25 September 1946, scrapped 1972, paid off 29 December 1945, sold into merchant service as, decommissioned January 1947, scrapped 1959, decommissioned 8 January 1947, scrapped 1962, decommissioned 18 June 1946, scrapped 29 June 1960, decommissioned 1 March 1964, scrapped December 1964, decommissioned 1 September 1973, scrapped 1975, decommissioned 25 November 1958, scrapped 1960, decommissioned 9 August 1946, scrapped 1971, decommissioned 5 April 1946, scrapped April 1946, work halted June 1943; scuttled 29 January 1945, decommissioned 10 July 1946, scrapped 29 July 1958, decommissioned January 1959, scrapped February 1961, not completed during war, converted to tanker 1945, scrapped 15 June 1964, This page was last edited on 29 April 2023, at 16:37. "It's in terrible shape now, almost completely collapsed," said Langley. Naval Europe, west of Lofoten Islands in Norwegian Sea 1944. SLINGER, The drills show a concerted effort to develop interoperability among navies with carrier capabilities and is likely meant as a demonstration to China as it continues to increase its own naval power. (Courtesy During the war Britain built second-line carriers, called light fleet carriers, which were designed for quick construction. It's not the easiest of dives, because the lake is at a 4000-foot altitude in the Rockies, so there's an increased risk of decompression sickness. Their air wings usually consist of three SH60K Seahawks and one MCH101. By clicking Sign up, you agree to receive marketing emails from Insider or grain bulk cargo carriers with superstructures removed Throughout the interwar period, naval aircraft performance gradually improved, and dive bombers and torpedo bombers made aircraft carriers effective ship killers. In the Pacific Ocean clashes occurred between aircraft carrier fleets. (Norwegian Following this concept, light aircraft carriers built by the US, such as USSIndependence, represented a larger and more "militarized" version of the escort carrier. In early 1943, a 60-foot long prototype vessel was built with walls and floors of wood, tar, refrigeration pipes and a massive chunk of ice from the lake. (Substantial armour lower in the ships was intended to preserve them from more serious bomb damage.). The 1942 Design Light Fleet Carriers were designed and constructed by civilian shipyards to serve as an intermediate step between the expensive, full-size fleet aircraft carriers and the less expensive but limited-capability escort carriers. HMS Victorious - Meet the British Aircraft Carrier That Joined the U.S This operation incapacitated three of the six battleships at a cost of two torpedo bombers. COLOSSUS, Unfortunately, on the way to Noumea, the accident rate with the Avengers continued. merchant ships fitted with a rocket driven catapult on the by 1 torpedo on the 13th from German U.81 PREMIER, List of aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy, Timeline of aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy, List of escort carriers of the Royal Navy, List of seaplane carriers of the Royal Navy, List of aircraft carriers by configuration, List of aircraft carriers of the United States Navy, Aircraft maintenance carriers of the Royal Navy, List of ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, List of aircraft carriers of Russia and the Soviet Union, People's Liberation Army Navy Surface Force, List of active Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force ships, list of aircraft carriers of the United States Navy, list of aircraft carrier classes of the United States Navy, list of escort aircraft carriers of the United States Navy, "Queen Elizabeth Class Facts and Figures", "Commissioning day for HMS Prince of Wales", Maritimequest Royal Navy aircraft carrier photo gallery, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_aircraft_carriers_of_the_Royal_Navy&oldid=1086839474, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, The number of aircraft carried by the vessel, The dates work began and finished on the ship and its ultimate fate, Notes on what happened to the ship: sunk, scrapped, cancelled, sold or some other, 12 cylindrical boilers; 4 Parsons geared turbines, 4 shafts: max. Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Skype (Opens in new window), HMS Victorious Meet the British Aircraft Carrier That Joined the U.S. Navy in WW2, Folly From the Start Revisiting Americas Fatally Flawed Thinking About the War in Vietnam . Aircraft carriers serve as a seagoing airbases, equipped with a flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying and recovering aircraft. These became the Colossus and Majestic classes, vessels of approximately 15,000 tons that carried about 40 aircraft each. List of aircraft carriers of the Royal Navy - Wikipedia These vessels did not enter service until after the outbreak of World War II in 1939. List) (Mediterranean Plus, the carrier and her air wing was needed in the Atlantic to provide air cover for Operation Torch. When Victorious/Robin arrived in Pearl Harbor on March 3, work began on improving its arresting gear and modifying the hooks on the Avengers to better fit Royal Navy arresting wires which were thicker than those used by the U.S. Navy. (Capt H N Lay RCN), damaged 22nd August 1944, Arctic 6 ships completed by war's end - 13,200 tons, 25 knots, 40 JW.59. Without extra carriers, the U.S. Navy would have to stop or postpone offensive operations in the Pacific in 1943. Corrections? CancelledJanuary 1946 when 23% complete. Early on in the war, there were not enough aircraft carriers to protect the convoys carrying much needed food and supplies to the UK, and German long-range planes would shadow the convoys, either . off the Strait of Gibraltar (36.15N, 07.45W) - torpedoed With the commencement of war, the United States produced the 27,500-ton Essex class. The U.S. Navy did not want to risk her against the Imperial Japanese Navy and decided to keep Ranger in the Atlantic where the primary threat was U-Boats. included Ariguani, Maplin and two more, which were aircraft carrier, naval vessel from which airplanes may take off and on which they may land. The U.S. and Japanese navies continued to use it, but for a very different purpose: to keep landing airplanes from rolling into aircraft that were stowed at the forward end of the flight deck. 1939-42, - Admiralty WW2 British Aircraft Carriers Circa 52 aircraft carriers, built and started WW2 The leading nation in aircraft carriers: If the United States are remembered today for a considerable fleet of aircraft carriers, the type was first thought after and developed in Great Britain. Atlantic, south west of Ireland (50.10N, 14.45W) - - Malta Convoys), (Japanese Unless it loaned a carrier to the U.S., their American allies would not be able to support the invasion of North Africa, which was planned to put Rommel and Germanys Afrika Korps in a vice between the U.S. Army in the west and the British Eighth Army in the east. Furious (NavyPhotos). total loss), Far Gibraltar/UK convoy HG.76; 73 men lost (Casualty U.S. Navy landing signal officers and Fleet Air Arm batsman used different signals, many of which were the exact opposite of each other. These were added because had they been on board when Victorious/Robin was transiting from the Panama Canal to Hawaii, the damage caused by the two fires could have been minimized. 'Pioneer' commissioned as Not repaired and laid up; 21 crew lost (Casualty CAMPANIA, It worked, but it wasn't all smooth sailing. Because Japan's pacifist constitution forbids offensive weaponry, Japan's aircraft-carrying ships mostly focus on anti-submarine warfare. To gain the upper hand against the deadly German U-boats, the British had come up with a strange idea: make aircraft carriers out of giant icebergs. In the autumn of 1942 the Solomon Islands campaign underlined the importance of both aircraft and submarines in fleet operations, emphasizing that modern sea power was a trident of air, surface, and undersea forces. After a stopover in Hawaii, Victorious/Robin sailed for its final set of workups off Noumea, New Caledonia. After heavier steel-framed and steel-skinned airplanes were introduced, wires were no longer necessary. Battles UNICORN, independently from northern Norway at end of Allied Victorious new call sign in U.S. livery was Robin. 19. Ex-German prize 'Hannover', lost: AUDACITY ILLUSTRIOUS, ", So in 1984 she dived down to have a look. EMPIRE MacKAY, EMPIRE MacCOLL, EMPIRE MacMAHON, EMPIRE It served as the primary carrier-based fighter in the early stages of the war in the . click to enlarge), on The exercises have seen US aircraft carriers sail with their British and Japanese counterparts. The British navy also experimented with the carrier; during World War I it developed the first true carrier with an unobstructed flight deck, the HMS Argus, built on a converted merchant-ship hull. The carriers are 920 feet long and displace 65,000 tons. torpedoed by German U.29 (Schuhart). Victorious captain, Lachlan David Mackintosh insisted that his pilots learn the U.S. system, which they did. Providing air cover for 2 not repaired: NABOB "Good thing I had no idea what I was looking for, or I don't know what I would have thought, probably that a barge full of heating ducts or something had sunk. The U.S. war program, meanwhile, included the conversion of a series of cruisers into light carriers . Two new Essex-class carriers USS Essex (CV-9) and USS Yorktown (CV-10) were en route to Hawaii and would be operational by the end of the year, much earlier than originally thought. Marc, aircraft - mainly A/S Swordfish and Sea Hurricanes. of Britain - U-boat Inshore Campaign). New carriers could not displace more than 27,000 tons, and no carrier could have guns of more than eight inches. All 20 American WW2 Aircraft Carrier Planes, and How Many Were Built to Main World War 2 Pages: Mediterranean The first time the U.S. Navy asked to borrow a carrier was after the Battle of Midway. (NavyPhotos), 18. INDOMITABLE, List) Victorious was known only by her new American call sign and became known unofficially as the USS Robin. Basically, an aircraft carrier is an airfield at sea. RAVAGER, These became the Colossus and Majestic classes, vessels of approximately 15,000 tons that carried about 40 aircraft each. known as Sea Hurricanes, Catafighters or Hurricats. Fleet returning to Trincomalee; 293 crew lost Empire Class Oil Tankers, from Northern Ireland to Britain. The list includes armed vessels that served during the war and in the immediate aftermath, inclusive of localized ongoing combat operations, garrison surrenders, post-surrender occupation, colony re-occupation, troop and prisoner repatriation, to the end of 1945. JW.53 the previous month; 358 crew lost, 149 saved 11. Frozen into the middle of the ice was a smaller rectangle, where the refrigeration unit was," said Langley. There were 39 RN and 3 RAF survivors, No hangar and lift; aircraft These experimental platforms led to the development of true aircraft carriers. With building materials like steel in short supply, he thought, why not take a chunk of ice from the Arctic and tow it south to land planes on it? (Casualty List) (Battle ARK Europe, off Clyde Light Vessel in Firth of Clyde, SW The carrier would return to the Pacific as part of the Royal Navys contingent supporting the U.S. Navy during the Okinawa campaign. Thank you. What ship was the first aircraft carrier? INDEFATIGABLE, FORMIDABLE, Building a warship out of ice was just as hard as it sounds. US, UK, and Japanese aircraft carriers are training together in the Pacific. The crew size will vary on the air wing, the ideal composition of which would be 36 F-35Bs and at least four helicopters, likely a combination of Merlin Mk 2s or Mk 4s and Wildcat AH1s. Sold to Argentina as, 4 Admiralty 3-drum boilers, 2 shafts, Parsons geared turbines), Sold to Australia in 1949, and completed in 1955 to a modified design including an angled flight deck and renamed as HMAS, Laid up till purchased by India in January 1957, renamed INS, Loaned to Royal Canadian Navy upon completion in 1948. The phenomenon of radar was observed in the 1920s, and by the late 1930s prototype sets with huge antennas were operating. Victorious/Robin participated in Operation Cartwheel, the mission to neutralize Rabaul and retake the remaining Solomon Islands. The "Military Factory" name and MilitaryFactory.com logo are registered U.S. trademarks protected by all applicable domestic and international intellectual property laws. Site Search, Major Just like the Americans, Britains forces were stretched thin and overcommitted. STRIKER, Comparison of Ships during the Battle of Midway - Britannica However, on board Victorious/Robin, the pilots of VF-5 enjoyed the bar in the officers mess. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. aircraft maintenance ship. The British 1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier was designed for quick construction by civilian shipyards and a short three-year service life. Catapult Ships and sailed under the White Ensign. (Capt Scotland (55.08N, 05.25W) - torpedoed by German U.1172 completed 1922, Cdr D M B Baker RNR+), lost 27th April Today, as this article is published, the new HMS Prince of Wales is scheduled to deploy on an extended cruise to the Far East with U.S. Marine F-35Bs from VMFA-211 embarked. The experiment was assigned to the National Research Council, and the man in charge, C.J. By October of 1942, the U.S. Navy had only one operational fleet carrier remaining: Ranger (CV-4). aircraft, 650 crew, 1943-44 (some sources include Victorious anti-air defenses were also improved with 19 20-mm gun positions. AMEER, Stormy North Atlantic weather delayed Victorious arrival Norfolk until Dec. 31, 1942. Some wags thought the name was a reference to the famous bandit who lived in Sherwood Forest. Stay up to date with what you want to know. The U.S. Navy provided, to use the British expression, tropical kit for all the officers and men. The damage caused by the two fires that occurred en route to Hawaii also rekindled a U.S. Navy/Royal Navy discussion over carrier design philosophies. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of any material on this site without expressand written permission from the author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. British & Dominion Warship Losses in By the end of the war, the aircraft carrier and the aeroplane had overtaken the . The Royal Navy refused. Reagan has been operating in the region since it returned in September from a mission to support the withdrawal from Afghanistan. We could probably build an aircraft carrier in the time it would take them to reach a decision. Working up after to Cdr Rippon in Evolution of Engineering in the Royal Its the first I heard about swapping ships as important to the war effort as aircraft carriers. RAJAH, Accordingly, Churchill authorized the Royal Navy to send one, possibly two carriers to operate under the command of the U.S. Pacific Fleet. The wreckage sits on a diagonal, with the deepest corner at the 100-foot depth. Royal Navy in 1939 and 1945 - Naval History.Net Each is 1,092 feet long and displaces about 97,000 tons. A view of the wreckage in a 1984 underwater photo by Susan Langley. (Casualty In 1913 a British cruiser, HMS Hermes, was converted to carry aircraft.
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As a part of Jhan Dhan Yojana, Bank of Baroda has decided to open more number of BCs and some Next-Gen-BCs who will rendering some additional Banking services. We as CBC are taking active part in implementation of this initiative of Bank particularly in the states of West Bengal, UP,Rajasthan,Orissa etc.
We got our robust technical support team. Members of this team are well experienced and knowledgeable. In addition we conduct virtual meetings with our BCs to update the development in the banking and the new initiatives taken by Bank and convey desires and expectation of Banks from BCs. In these meetings Officials from the Regional Offices of Bank of Baroda also take part. These are very effective during recent lock down period due to COVID 19.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the Models used by Bank of Baroda for implementation of Financial Inclusion. ICT based models are (i) POS, (ii) Kiosk. POS is based on Application Service Provider (ASP) model with smart cards based technology for financial inclusion under the model, BCs are appointed by banks and CBCs These BCs are provided with point-of-service(POS) devices, using which they carry out transaction for the smart card holders at their doorsteps. The customers can operate their account using their smart cards through biometric authentication. In this system all transactions processed by the BC are online real time basis in core banking of bank. PoS devices deployed in the field are capable to process the transaction on the basis of Smart Card, Account number (card less), Aadhar number (AEPS) transactions.