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AUSTIN (KXAN) A plume of Saharan dust has moved into Central Texas. The major, eye-catching plume made headlines at the time. Basically, it reveals the dust loading/concentration in the atmosphere. [59] However, the fallout from the Fukushima accident had a minimal impact on the surrounding population. The most prominent dust plume, i.e., the Godzilla dust plume, started to build up along the African coast on 13-15 June. This made the long 5,000 mile journey all the way from the Saharan desert in Africa.. "[62] The NRC showed the Soviets the safety guidelines used in the US: capable regulation, safety-minded operations, and effective plant designs. There is some southerly flow over the southern United States but is not configured to reach far to the north. (MCS), and can produce damaging straight-line winds over areas hundreds of miles long and more than 100 miles (160 kilometers) across. The Saharan Air Layer's warmth also acts to stabilize the atmosphere, which can suppress the development of clouds that are needed for tropical cyclones to develop and grow. Air sampling stations throughout the US gather this particulate material for scientists to study. The pandemic is still raging, the Arctic is burning up, and microplastics are polluting every corner of the Earth, but do try to take a deep breath. The airborne particles also absorb and reflect sunlightaltering the amount of solar energy reaching the planet's surface. Some events during the warm season can reach very high volumes of dust and can reach far to the west. Below we have the dust mass loading from the NASA GEOS-5 modeling system. For much of July 2022, easterly winds have carried large plumes of Saharan dust over the Atlantic Ocean. Once ash is released into the air by a volcano, the wind has an opportunity to move it. Fallout alters the quality of our atmosphere, soil, and water and causes species to go extinct.[37]. The dust makes the journey year after year, starting around mid-June and tapering off around mid-August. [47], If a person did not have a shelter previously built, these guides recommended trying to get underground. A deposit of 1 joule per kilogram has the unit of 1 gray (Gy). [57] A study done by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission following the incident reveals that the nearly 2 million people surrounding the Three Mile Island plant "are estimated to have received an average radiation dose of only 1 millirem above the usual background dose". 2012. The authors studied the ash in the atmosphere following the Mount Kelud . Ash Plumes, Ashfalls and Ash Fields. The dusty air is very dry, with about 50% less moisture than the typical tropical atmosphere. Fallout may get entrained with the products of a pyrocumulus cloud and fall as black rain (rain darkened by soot and other particulates, which fell within 3040 minutes of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). [23], Preliminary results of the Baby Tooth Survey were published in the November 24, 1961, edition of the journal Science, and showed that levels of strontium-90 had risen steadily in children born in the 1950s, with those born later showing the most pronounced increases. A dose of 5.3 Gy to 8.3 Gy is considered lethal but not immediately incapacitating. This is one way of tracking these dust events. The storm caused skies over several states to dim and shrouded the Caribbean Sea,USA Today reported. The newly released Hubble movie begins with footage from roughly 1.3 hours after impact, showing Dimorphos and Didymos at such a distance that the two space rocks cannot be resolved individually. The dust kicked up from the Sahara Desert can travel far into North and Central America during peak season. A plume of dust and dry air from the Sahara Desert in Africa is stretching thousands of miles across the Atlantic this week, helping to continue the hurricane season's month-long slumber. The cone shape began forming about 17 hours after impact. Kahn said, "Most people were surprised the plume got as high as it actually did." The dust is often visible from space during the spring, summer, and early fall, when huge plumes of dry, dusty air from the Sahara Desert blow westward over the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Thats not happening this go around, but well have to see if another large dust plume will make it into Central Texas next week. Although we're now entering the peak of the Atlantic hurricane season, meteorologists expect the lull in hurricane and tropical storm activity to continue at least through the first week of August. At times, dust in the Saharan Air Layer has traveled as far as the Caribbean, Texas, and Florida. At its highest point, the island rises 1,861 meters (6,106feet) above sea level. Follow severe weather as it happens. The survey could not show then at the time, nor in the decades that have elapsed, that the levels of global strontium-90 or fallout in general, were in any way life-threatening, primarily because "50 times the strontium-90 from before nuclear testing" is a minuscule number, and multiplication of minuscule numbers results in only a slightly larger minuscule number. Fallout spread throughout Western Europe, with Northern Scandinavia receiving a heavy dose, contaminating reindeer herds in Lapland, and salad greens becoming almost unavailable in France. Severe local fallout contamination can extend far beyond the blast and thermal effects, particularly in the case of high yield surface detonations. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or In other 1954 tests, including Yankee and Nectar, hot spots were mapped out by ships with submersible probes, and similar hot spots occurred in 1956 tests such as Zuni and Tewa. 2023 FOX News Network, LLC. The Sahara Desert is 3,600,000 square miles (9,200,000 square . ; Azrbaycanca; ; Catal; Cymraeg; Dansk; Deutsch; Espaol; Euskara; ; Franais; Gaeilge; ; . The NRC was committed to 'regulations through research', which gave the regulatory committee a knowledge bank of research on which to draw their regulations. This creates a thick layer of dust in the atmosphere that can enhance the yellow and red hues in sunrises and sunsets, but can also lead to air quality issues as well. The sea-level pressure anomaly forecast reveals a strong and stable high-pressure system this weekend, just off the east coast. The major, eye-catching plume made headlines at the time. Long term, cesium-137 and strontium-90 would be the major radionuclides affecting the fresh water supplies. Additionally, strong winds are associated with the Saharan dust plume at a typical height of 6,500 to 14,500 feet above the Earth's surface. A half life is the time it takes half of the radiation of a specific substance to decay. In the far upper left is North America, this dust storms likely target. Think of this convection like boiling a pot of water. Image of the Day THE GOOD. Atmosphere, Saharan dust hovered over the Atlantic for several days in mid-January 2008. [31], Rural areas' water supplies would be slightly less polluted by fission particles in intermediate and long-term fallout than cities and suburban areas. The warmer climate would also provide more winds to blow the dust longer distances. [47] The two of the walls of the shelter in a basement corner will be the basement walls that are surrounded by dirt outside. "Remember, when encountering a dust storm, Pull Aside Stay Alive! The persistent high-pressure system in the central Atlantic is the main steering mechanism for these dust storms. [45][46] There were also instructions for how to create an improvised fallout shelter, and what to do to best increase a person's chances for survival if they were unprepared. The paper is one of five published in Nature Wednesday, which together give a detailed overview of the DART impact and its aftermath. If a person had a basement but no shelter, they should put food, water, and a waste container in the corner of the basement. As the weather cools in Africa starting in mid-August, that temperature differential between the desert and the forests to the south will weaken, zapping the SAL conveyor belt. Acute radiation syndrome (ARS) is the most immediate risk to humans when exposed to ionizing radiation in dosages greater than around 0.1Gy/hr. I would caution, though, that Covid is also an inflammatory condition in the lungs, and that's in fact why people are needing ventilators and hospitals are surging, he says. After Bravo, it was discovered that fallout landing on the ocean disperses in the top water layer (above the thermocline at 100 m depth), and the land equivalent dose rate can be calculated by multiplying the ocean dose rate at two days after burst by a factor of about 530. If that storm system forms a tropical cyclone and veer east of its expected course,. We produced a video below, that shows the analysis and forecast of the current dust cloud event. Dust particles in the atmosphere also help to create beautiful, vivid sunrises and sunsets, as the dust particles scatter the sunlight. 'PULL ASIDE, STAY ALIVE' WHEN DRIVING IN DUST STORM, TRANSPORT AGENCY WARNS. This happens reliably every summer, blowing east toward the Americas. The major, eye-catching plume made headlines at the time. "A heavy load of dust in the atmosphere can enhance this effect, leading to longer-lasting, duskier colors that cause vivid sunsets and sunrises," the outlet added. Plumes of dust come off Africa and can make the long trek across the Atlantic, through the Caribbean, and end up here in South Florida and the Gulf. But for others who have chronic inflammatory lung conditions, such as asthma or emphysema, this extra burden of inflammation can tip them over into severe breathing trouble, says W. Graham Carlos of the Indiana University School of Medicine and Eskenazi Health. Individuals receiving less than a total of 1.5 Gy are not incapacitated. The high penetrating power of gamma and neutron radiation, however, easily penetrates the skin and many thin shielding mechanisms to cause cellular degeneration in the stem cells found in bone marrow. [21][22], The Baby Tooth Survey founded by the husband and wife team of physicians Eric Reiss and Louise Reiss, was a research effort focused on detecting the presence of strontium-90, a cancer-causing radioactive isotope created by the more than 400 atomic tests conducted above ground that is absorbed from water and dairy products into the bones and teeth given its chemical similarity to calcium. The INES scale is composed of seven steps that categorize the nuclear events, ranging from anomalies that must be recorded to improve upon safety measures to serious accidents that require immediate action. This could lead to some issues for people with allergies and other respiratory issues. Removing outer clothes may get rid of up to 90% of radioactive dust. The findings helped convince U.S. President John F. Kennedy to sign the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty with the United Kingdom and Soviet Union, which ended the above-ground nuclear weapons testing that created the greatest amounts of atmospheric nuclear fallout. They are stronger and more consistent over the oceans. [50] Engineers were forced to imagine every unlikely accident, and the potential fallout associated with each accident. Usually, the term is defined for a specific time, and limited to studies of acute lethality. Atmosphere Giant dust plume closing in on US 00:54 - Source: CNN CNN Dust lofted into the air by a few dust storms across Africa has made the 5,000-mile journey across the Atlantic, the. The next day, the same sensor acquired an image (below) of clouds swirling through dusty skies downwind of the Portuguese island of Madeira. For the video game series, see, United States government guides for fallout protection, atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Learn how and when to remove this template message, 2011 Fukushima accident caused infant deaths, to suggest the same thing occurred after the 1979 Three Mile Island, Selective Shielding of Bone Marrow: An Approach to Protecting Humans from External Gamma Radiation, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Put the plastic bag where others will not touch it and keep it until authorities tell you what to do with it. 6:41 a.m. 20th June 2021 - south Florida. DART's epic asteroid crash: What NASA has learned 5 months later, DART impact gave asteroid Dimorphos a debris tail thousands of miles long (stunning photo), Asteroid impact: Here's the last thing NASA's DART spacecraft saw before it crashed. The ability of an element to form a solid controls the rate it is deposited on the ground after having been injected into the atmosphere by a nuclear detonation or accident. NASA satellite sensors that track aerosol optical depth observed substantial increases in sunlight-reflecting particles over the region starting on May 29 and continuing to June 6. The soviets, however, had their own priority: keeping the plant running at all costs. [59] Removing contaminated water, both in the plant itself and run-off water that spread into the sea and nearby areas, became a huge challenge for the Japanese government and plant workers. The breakthroughs and innovations that we uncover lead to new ways of thinking, new connections, and new industries. NASA Earth Observatory images by Lauren Dauphin, using MODIS data from NASA EOSDIS LANCE and GIBS/Worldview. This will cause trouble for some people with allergies and other respiratory problems. Currently,AccuWeather liststhe air quality as fair in the Miami area. Actually, belay that, especially if you live in the southern United States. Radiation in the low energy spectrum (alpha and beta radiation) with minimal penetrating power is unlikely to cause significant damage to internal organs. Then, a high-pressure system in the subtropical Atlantic can send the dust into the Caribbean. Some radiation taints large amounts of land and drinking water causing formal mutations throughout animal and human life. The dust over Puerto Rico represented the leading edge of a giant plume that had traveled more than 5,000 miles from the Sahara desert across the Atlantic Ocean, spreading into the skies above. [44] Community shelters were preferred over single-family shelters. For underwater bursts, the visible surge is, in effect, a cloud of liquid (usually water) droplets with the property of flowing almost as if it were a homogeneous fluid. They concluded that, over the next century, Saharan dust plumes will reduce to a 20,000-year low. This size of particulate matter, lifted to the stratosphere, may take months or years to settle, and may do so anywhere in the world. Saharan Air Layer activity typically ramps in mid-June, peaks between late June and mid-August, then quickly subsides after mid-August. Thats because of gravity: As the plume makes its way across the Atlantic, the larger particles fall out first, leaving the smaller particles to make landfall. Related: Behold the 1st images of DART's wild asteroid crash! [44], Schools were preferred fallout shelters according to the Office of Civil Defense. This will carry the dust cloud directly into the southern United States. After the detonation of a weapon at or above the fallout-free altitude (an air burst), fission products, un-fissioned nuclear material, and weapon residues vaporized by the heat of the fireball condense into a suspension of particles 10nm to 20m in diameter. Below we have 3 images of this strong Saharan Air Layer event. A book by Cresson H. Kearny presents data showing that for the first few days after the explosion, the radiation dose rate is reduced by a factor of ten for every seven-fold increase in the number of hours since the explosion. "You could still have showers and thunderstorms, but the coverage would be much less if you didnt have Saharan dust.". Humans receiving an acute incapacitating dose (30 Gy) have their performance degraded almost immediately and become ineffective within several hours. Fallout accumulates on vegetation, including fruits and vegetables. The particles contain mostly sea salts with some water; these can have a cloud seeding effect causing local rainout and areas of high local fallout. The dose that would be lethal to 50% of a population is a common parameter used to compare the effects of various fallout types or circumstances. NASA scientists, using a combination of satellite data and computer models, predict that Africas annual dust plumes will actually shrink to a 20,000-year minimum over the next century as a result of climate change and ocean warming. The dust forecast from NASA for this weekend, shows higher concentrations reaching deep into the Gulf. This mass of very dry, dusty air is called the Saharan Air Layer. When you have the Saharan Air Layer moving across, it's kind of like that. Her air-analyzing instruments were working in real time, detecting the component elements of the desert dust. This has led scientists to begin researching the idea of partial body protection: a strategy inspired by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Radioactively contaminated milk, meat, fish, vegetables, grains and other food would all be dangerous because of fallout. This movement, along with air . With the MISR data, Kahn calculated the height of the plume, composed of sub-visible aerosols, to be 1.25 to 1.5 kilometers (0.78 to 0.93 miles), at four sites, as the smoke drifted 70 kilometers (44 miles) downwind on September 12. [49] The prevention of the MCA enabled a number of new nuclear fallout preventive measures. And the course of the storm system off Mexico is unclear. The dust has travelled more than 1,500 miles to the UK from Algeria and Morocco over the last two days. They can pulse every few days, sending new waves of dust. Fresh imagery from the Hubble Space Telescope released today (March 1) shows dust and debris flying at high speed away from Dimorphos and its larger asteroid companion, Didymos, after DART's impact. HURRICANE FORECASTERS AT COLORADO STATE, NOAA REAFFIRM CONFIDENCE IN BUSY SEASON PREDICTION. The dust mass/concentration analysis from the NASA GEOS-5 system showed a high dust loading, as the Saharan air layer cloud reached the southeastern United States. It is in line with the satellite observations, showing the dust storm reaching into the Caribbean sea. The setup between those twothe hot to the north and the cool, moist to the southsets up a wind circulation that can become very strong, and it can actually scour the surface of the desert, says Steven Miller, deputy director of the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere at Colorado State University, which is monitoring the plumes. Marine food chains are more vulnerable to the nuclear fallout and the effects of soot in the atmosphere. At the bottom of the pot, the water gets much hotter than the water at the surface, which is in contact with the air. An animation of images acquired by NASA satellites shows the Saharan dust plume blowing across the Atlantic between May 30 and June 6, 2022. We produced a video below, that shows the analysis and forecast of the current dust cloud event. This image shows two different areas of dust plume activity. Even worse for hurricanes, they need a calm environment in order to start spinning, but the SAL is barrelling in with 50-mile-per-hour winds. Most hurricane experts think that the Saharan Air Layer is bad for hurricanes, explained University of Miami meteorologist Brian McNoldy. Saharan dust clouds also suppress tropical activity, which means a reduced risk for tropical storm development and landfall during its activity. Dust can degrade air quality and have negative health effects, particularly for people with lung conditions. In the North Atlantic, the circulation pattern is clockwise, as a semi-permanent high-pressure system is present in that region. The Sahara is notoriously dry and hot. [1] It commonly refers to the radioactive dust and ash created when a nuclear weapon explodes. But thunderstorms can bring down activity as rain allows fallout to drop more rapidly, particularly if the mushroom cloud is low enough to be below ("washout"), or mixed with ("rainout"), the thunderstorm. In this scenario, the fires would create enough soot into the atmosphere to block sunlight, lowering global temperatures by more than one degree Celsius. [7] By the time that stratospheric fallout has begun to reach the earth, the radioactivity is very much decreased. AREA OF EUROPE UNDER 'CONTINUOUS DUST TRANSPORT'. An enormous dust cloud has finally hit the United States, after journeying 5,000 miles from the Sahara Desert . A soil earth medium favors base surge formation in an underground burst. A large portion of these emissions is carried to the west over the Atlantic Ocean. But how can these large dust storms travel so far to the west and even reach the far northern parts of the United States and Canada? [44], These guides indicated that fallout shelters should contain enough resources to keep its occupants alive for up to two weeks. Counselors have moved from beside the chaise longue and into users TikTok feeds, fueling debates about client privacy and the mental health profession. These winds can significantly increase the vertical wind shear the change in wind speed and/or direction with height which creates a hostile environment for the formation of tropical storms and hurricanes. Air circulates clockwise around a high-pressure system, so the steering flow will carry the dust into the southern United States. These large dust clouds are also called SAL (Saharan Air Layer). Look for the gray clouds on the map.). For subsurface land bursts, the surge is made up of small solid particles, but it still behaves like a fluid. Dust and Haze [29] The tooth survey, and the expansion of the organization into attempting the same test-ban approach with US nuclear electric power stations as the new target, is likewise detailed and critically labelled as the "Tooth Fairy issue" by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Examples of both intermediate and long term fallout occurred after the 1986 Chernobyl accident, which contaminated over 20,000km2 (7,700sqmi) of land in Ukraine and Belarus. Meteorologists in Uzbekistan reported airborne levels of dust as high as they have been in 150 years of monitoring. [62], "Fallout" redirects here. The AEC's regulations against potential nuclear reactor fallout were centered on the ability of the power plant to the Maximum Credible Accident (MCA). A fresh supply of airborne particles took off from northwest Africa in early June 2022. These materials are limited to the original mass of the device, but include radioisotopes with long lives. The base surge is a cloud that rolls outward from the bottom of the subsiding column, which is caused by an excessive density of dust or water droplets in the air. Dust has been trapped in this low as its moved across the Caribbean and its now impacting us. Schools also already had organization with leaders set in place. Even in the midst of the Cold War, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission sought to improve the safety of Soviet nuclear reactors. But the true power of the trade winds is in their persistence. A giant plume of Saharan dust on a 5,000-mile journey is expected to drift across the southeastern United States this week at altitudes between 20,000 and 30,000 feet, bringing enhanced sunrises . . The dust forecast from the NASA GEOS-5 system shows higher concentrations of the dust plume now in the gulf. [53] Three Mile Island was the most serious accident in the history of American commercial nuclear power plants, yet the effects were different from those of the Chernobyl accident. Currently, a new larger dust storm event is ongoing. This year is particularly bad, and timed terribly with Covid-19. As the dust storm crosses the Atlantic, it usually occupies a 3 to 4km (2 to 2.5-mile) thick layer of the atmosphere with its base starting about 1.5km (1 mile) above the surface. The researchers came to their conclusion after estimating the amount of long-range windblown dust emitted from Africa over the last 23,000 years, from the end of the last ice age to today. The next plume of dust arrives Thursday and Friday and should bring the dust concentrations back up again. "It's a scorcher out there," NBC Miami meteorologist Steve MacLaughlin tweeted on Friday. [12] However, the major U.S. "DELFIC" (Defence Land Fallout Interpretive Code) computer calculations use the natural size distributions of particles in soil instead of the afterwind sweep-up spectrum, and this results in more straightforward fallout patterns lacking the downwind hot spot. The famed Hubble Space Telescope tracked dramatic hour-by-hour changes in deep space caused by a NASA probe's deliberate asteroid crash. [34] Mammals particularly are extremely sensitive to nuclear radiation, followed by birds, plants, fish, reptiles, crustaceans, insects, moss, lichen, algae, bacteria, mollusks, and viruses. Actions to control indoor dust and dander are very strongly recommended, a warning states. During dusk, the sun is at its lowest point on the horizon, meaning sunrays travel a farther distance over the Earth,Fox 13 reports. Skip Navigation. This material becomes radioactive when it combines with fission products or other radio-contaminants, or when it is neutron-activated. The higher the dust layer reaches, the longer it can hold its high concentrations before "dissolving", reaching further west. A nuclear weapon detonated in the air, called an air burst, produces less fallout than a comparable explosion near the ground. (You can watch the dusts progress from a satellite with this neat tool. Tune to the local radio or television news for more instructions. [52] The scale, which was developed in 1990 by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, classifies these nuclear accidents based on the potential impact of the fallout:[52][53]. After the Crossroads underwater test, it was found that wet fallout must be immediately removed from ships by continuous water washdown (such as from the fire sprinkler system on the decks). [3] The larger particles spill out of the stem and cascade down the outside of the fireball in a downdraft even as the cloud rises, so fallout begins to arrive near ground zero within an hour. Last week was Monsoon Awareness Week, so named to increase awareness of how to maintain safety in a monsoon or dust storm. Many different types of fallout shelters could be made for a relatively small amount of money. The trade winds, which is a long conveyor belt of easterly winds that moves from Africa toward the Caribbean, is able to pick up dust and suspend it in the atmosphere. [48]. In June 2020, a "Godzilla" dust plume travelled from the Sahara, the planet's largest, hottest desert, across the Atlantic ocean to North America. Real-time satellite imagery for yesterday already revealed a large mass of dust moving from Africa into the Atlantic. The spiraling cloud patterns near Madeira are the result of a von Krmn vortex street, a repeating pattern of vortices that swirl in alternating directions. [18] No statistically demonstrable increase of congenital malformations was found among the later conceived children born to survivors of the nuclear detonations at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. At lot of #SaharanDust at the momentA #dust plume is about to reach #Florida, and another on its way to #Scandinavia, according to @CopernicusECMWF #CAMS #Sentinel3 view of the ~300 km long dust cloud closing in on #Formentera and #Ibiza via @defis_eu pic.twitter.com/GpXrRneXAi. Dan Anderson/EPA, via . Over time the groundwater could become contaminated with fallout particles, and would remain contaminated for over 10 years after a nuclear engagement. During the containment period following the accident, thousands of cubic meters of slightly contaminated water were released in the sea to free up storage for more contaminated water in the reactor and turbine buildings. Comparison of Chernobyl and other radioactivity releases, International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Institut de Radioprotection et de Surt Nuclaire, Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents, "Radioactive Fallout | Effects of Nuclear Weapons | atomicarchive.com", "Radionuclide Fractionation in Air-Burst Debris", "Radioactive Fallout from Global Weapons Testing: Home | CDC RSB", "Chernobyl: Facts About the Nuclear Disaster", "Continental US Fallout Pattern for Prevailing Winds (FEMA-196/September 1990)", "COMPILATION OF LOCAL FALLOUT DATA FROM TEST DETONATIONS 19451962 EXTRACTED FROM DASA 1251 Volume II Oceanic U.S. Tests", "OPERATION REDWING Project 2.63, Characterization of Fallout Pacific Proving Grounds, MayJuly 1956", "Death of a classified worker probably caused by overexposure to gamma radiation", NUCLEAR EVENTS AND THEIR CONSEQUENCES by the Borden institute. A significant amount of materials of this type are necessary to protect a person from fallout radiation, so safety clothing cannot protect a person from fallout radiation. "The Saharan Dust that keeps the sky overcast and knocks out or rain chances also pops the humidity and makes it feel like about 100 across South Florida.
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As a part of Jhan Dhan Yojana, Bank of Baroda has decided to open more number of BCs and some Next-Gen-BCs who will rendering some additional Banking services. We as CBC are taking active part in implementation of this initiative of Bank particularly in the states of West Bengal, UP,Rajasthan,Orissa etc.
We got our robust technical support team. Members of this team are well experienced and knowledgeable. In addition we conduct virtual meetings with our BCs to update the development in the banking and the new initiatives taken by Bank and convey desires and expectation of Banks from BCs. In these meetings Officials from the Regional Offices of Bank of Baroda also take part. These are very effective during recent lock down period due to COVID 19.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the Models used by Bank of Baroda for implementation of Financial Inclusion. ICT based models are (i) POS, (ii) Kiosk. POS is based on Application Service Provider (ASP) model with smart cards based technology for financial inclusion under the model, BCs are appointed by banks and CBCs These BCs are provided with point-of-service(POS) devices, using which they carry out transaction for the smart card holders at their doorsteps. The customers can operate their account using their smart cards through biometric authentication. In this system all transactions processed by the BC are online real time basis in core banking of bank. PoS devices deployed in the field are capable to process the transaction on the basis of Smart Card, Account number (card less), Aadhar number (AEPS) transactions.