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% Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria - Legit.ng Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. Do you want to know the basis and the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. It will schock you to know Nigerias adoption of federalism was also in the interest of the leaders. Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. The chief architect of this theory is Riker. examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. Meaningful studies, especially the comparative study of Vile, have significantly shown that emerging challenges of conflict, cooperation and competition amongst levels of government in classical federalist states such as U.S., Canada and Australia, are important rationales for federating as well as the hallmarks of federal government (Vile, cited in Jinadu, 1979). In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, This study, using content analysis, examined the impact of fiscal federalism and the struggles of ethnic minority groups in the Niger Delta on the trajectories of the national question in Nigeria. The states were later increased to 30 states. %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. 2) The Problem of Minorities: In Nigeria, there are majority groups and minority groups. Secondly, are these groups well pleased, or do they at least accept such manipulative placements? This understanding is also in tune with that of Jinadu (1979:15), who insists that Federalism is usually viewed as a form of governmental and institutional structure, deliberately designed by political architects, to cope with the twin but difficult task of maintaining unity while also preserving diversity. It is no news, therefore, that the peoples of Nigeria are diverse in different respects culturally, historically, socially, religiously, educationally, industriously, and even philosophically. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. %PDF-1.5 Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. As a result of this, it has brought about the cry of the minorities clamoring for their own state. Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. Federalism in India. /Length 14727 /Length 3884 Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. Each state has the same level of self-governance. Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria By Professor Sakah Saidu Mahmud Kwara State University, Malete 1. In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. |4-Iv Nigeria can be said to be operating the federal system of government, whereas in actual practice, the country is tending towards a unitary system. To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . . Seven (7) Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria - Blogger Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ (eds. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Why do nations federate?, what are the factors or conditions to have necessitated the adoption of federalism?, how is a federation to be organized?, how is power to be shared between the levels of government in a federation?, is federalism a means to an end or an end itself?, why do some federations succeed and others fail?. However, it is also fact that since independence Nigeria has promulgated several constitutions and that if Nigeria wanted an alternative system of government, she could have opted for it. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Before the amalgamation of the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate in 1914, there was nothing like Nigeria. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. International Relations - PRAHAAR | PDF | Joint Comprehensive Plan Of Identities can be in terms of ethnicity, culture, religion and other differences," she says. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. /Filter /DCTDecode Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. Generally speaking, one of the reasons for federalism is common historical or ancestral background. In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. The first military head of state was dethroned for adopting unitary system of government yet successive military administration in practice follow unitary principle instead of federal system. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. Payment Details. << Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. This was many times more the population of most African countries then. Nigeria. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance, Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria, How To Calculate OAU Aggregate Score for Admission, Best Education Websites and Blogs In Nigeria (2021), Lakzeland Regional High School Board Of Education, Student Loan Planning Educational Webinar With Justin Rice, Is Agricultural Chemicals a Good Career Path? Your email address will not be published. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. PDF The 2015 General Elections: Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. In order to examine these issues, this paper adopted qualitative research and intrinsic approach methodology, along with relative deprivation theory. reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. 7. /Parent 2 0 R Granted is the fact that federalism was launched in Nigeria by expatriate leaders, its continued existence since independence is standing firm on the interest of the indegeneous leaders. You are welcome dear reader. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. Asst. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Naturally, federal system of government has some distinctive features namely: 1. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. The states too have no resources for development but depended on federal grants. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. Present Nigeria was formed by the amalgamation of two regions which many see as a big influence in why federalism was later adopted by the British and later on by Nigerian leaders as at the time of independence. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. Advantages and Disadvantages of Federalism - Course Hero The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . Nigeria has been dubbed as a product of British colonial suturing. It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria.
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As a part of Jhan Dhan Yojana, Bank of Baroda has decided to open more number of BCs and some Next-Gen-BCs who will rendering some additional Banking services. We as CBC are taking active part in implementation of this initiative of Bank particularly in the states of West Bengal, UP,Rajasthan,Orissa etc.
We got our robust technical support team. Members of this team are well experienced and knowledgeable. In addition we conduct virtual meetings with our BCs to update the development in the banking and the new initiatives taken by Bank and convey desires and expectation of Banks from BCs. In these meetings Officials from the Regional Offices of Bank of Baroda also take part. These are very effective during recent lock down period due to COVID 19.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is one of the Models used by Bank of Baroda for implementation of Financial Inclusion. ICT based models are (i) POS, (ii) Kiosk. POS is based on Application Service Provider (ASP) model with smart cards based technology for financial inclusion under the model, BCs are appointed by banks and CBCs These BCs are provided with point-of-service(POS) devices, using which they carry out transaction for the smart card holders at their doorsteps. The customers can operate their account using their smart cards through biometric authentication. In this system all transactions processed by the BC are online real time basis in core banking of bank. PoS devices deployed in the field are capable to process the transaction on the basis of Smart Card, Account number (card less), Aadhar number (AEPS) transactions.